The Impact Of Early Childhood Education On Child Development

Impact of Early Childhood Education on Child Development Over the past century, the role of education has greatly increased in areas all over Canada. It has grown in not just in the number of students attending, but also in the ways it has been offered. Before the 1960’s, the education of children consisted solely of parenting done at home (Molnar, 2002, p. 2). Over time, due to the growing importance of education, schools have slowly begun to target younger and younger generations. As a result, non-parental education has become the norm of today’s society starting for children as early as ages three to four (Molnar, 2002, p. 2). Over the last century, a larger percentage of mothers are choosing to remain in the work force (Khanna †¦show more content†¦Like functionalism, the purpose of this research is to address the growing education sector. As the need for credentials is rising, the extended years of school after undergraduate are becoming essential for succ ess. However, parents are also increasingly willing to spend more money and time on the earlier years of school. From these trends, it is evident that the education institution is becoming more relevant in socializing the youth of today. More years of schooling leads to better success financially and cognitively in the future. According to research conducted in 2006, both males and females who had attended preschool made up to 36% more lifetime earnings than those that had not (Belfield, Nores, Barnett Schweinhart, 2006, p. 168). Although there were other external variables involved, the overall trend determined a higher success rate for those who had been enrolled earlier schooling. From the statistics shown above, early child care closes the gap between lower and upper social classes. Having an earlier education can address the inequality of socioeconomic statuses. Prior to this trend, there was a huge discrepancy between the lower and higher income families. The parents in the lower income families evidently had less time or were less competent tending to their child’s basic cognitive skills, especially if they had to work or had only received a limited amount of schooling. As academic opportunities became more accessible toShow MoreRelatedGood Communication Skills are Essential for Early Childhood Education1306 Words   |  6 Pageselement of early childhood education. Communication consists of two main styles: Verbal and non-verbal. These styles of communication form the foundation of effective teaching and learning within the early childhood forum. A good early childhood educator will enhance learning and development with an extensive knowledge o f both the verbal and non-verbal elements of communication. An early childhood educator will understand what constitutes good communication and the positive impact this can haveRead MoreTe Whariki1308 Words   |  6 PagesWhariki: Early Childhood Curriculum in which we follow as a framework for teaching in New Zealand. This report is going to cover the three broad age groups Te Whariki is based upon. It will explain the principles and strands of Te Whariki and the impact it has on a developing child. It will describe the purpose of Te Whariki and discuss ways it is used by early childhood education services throughout New Zealand. It will describe Te Whariki’s support for bi-culturalism throughout the early childhoodRead MoreEarly Childhood Course At Savannah Technical College Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Throughout the ECCE 1101 Introduction to Early Childhood course at Savannah Technical College there were several theorists introduced in the course that had a major impact on molding the foundation for an understanding of early childhood as a whole. Although the scope covered a broad spectrum of early childhood, majority of the main focus was on early education. The work of Lev Vygotsky greatly influenced the field of early education. This paper will include a brief summary of Vygotsky’sRead MoreDeveloping A Safe And Healthy Environment1471 Words   |  6 PagesEach child deserves to have the opportunity of growing in a safe and healthy environment. Our province’s dream is to become a global leader in achieving academic abilities in all four domains such as social-emotional, physical, language and cognitive development in each child (Early Learning for, 2007, p. 3). In November 2004, the Ontario administration created a great plan called the â€Å"Early Learning for E very Child Today† (ELECT). By launching this plan, Ontario fulfilled its dream. In additionRead MoreDevelopment Of Exceptional And Special Needs Children Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe early childhood sector is increasing rapidly across the Caribbean. Some of these centres just came about in an ad hoc manner due to the demand for day care services; recognising how important early childhood development is, governments and other officials are being faced with the task of ensuring that quality early childhood education is provided. This essay seeks to discuss teachers’ expectations, sensitivities, priorities and values that contribute to the quality of all pupils learning andRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood Development1399 Words   |  6 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Development Cynthia Miranda PSY 375 July 2, 2012 Dr. Aneta Bhojwani Infancy and Early Childhood Development Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shapedRead MoreThe Early Childhood Development Of Australia1269 Words   |  6 Pagesyears the early childhood sector in Australia has undergone a number of legislative and organizational changes, which have impacted on the overall structure of service provision in Australia. Initiatives introduced by the federal government have changed the face of childcare from simple ‘child minding’ services, to full early childhood educational facilities, offering comprehensive age specific ‘high quality’ educational curriculum, which cover all ages and stages of early childhood development. HistoricallyRead MoreThis Chapter Will Provide The Theoretical Framework For1281 Words   |  6 PagesBronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory, Epstein’s Home, School, and Community Topology and National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Standards for Early Childhood Professional Preparation. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. Most of psychological and sociological research uses Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory to understand human development within the context of physical, social, and economic systems. According to Bronfenbrenner (1979), individuals are embeddedRead MoreEarly Childhood Education : Children s Understanding And Development Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesEarly childhood education typically pertains to the education of children who range in age from babies to kindergarten age. This does not start and end inside the class room. Early childhood training is debatably the most crucial phase of educatio nal development as it is from this cornerstone that future development and learning happen. High quality programs need to incorporate teaching in reading capabilities, motor skills, vocabulary and communication abilities. This will create substantial benefitsRead MoreChild Development Reflection Paper1332 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Reflection In this course, I have learned theories of child development, principles of growth and development, prenatal development, infancy, toddlerhood, three-four-and five years old, six-seven-and eight years old, middle childhood, adolescence: thirteen to nineteen years old, and where and when to seek help. I really enjoyed the adolescence: thirteen to nineteen years old chapter the most because, people tend to forget that even though they in high school their brains are still growing

Luciano Essay - 1679 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;No other New York gangster in the twentieth century matched the capabilities of the sinister, crafty, powerful, and secretive Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano. Who with the help of his closest friends and allies, even enemies, established the National Crime Syndicate in the early 1930s, which still remains today (Nash 251). Lucky Luciano, the â€Å"true† American gangster, rewrote the rules of the Italian Mafia, under control of old-line Sicilian rule, and created an organization open to all ethnic backgrounds (Dewey). He worked his way from being a struggling messenger for a small gang, to eventually becoming the â€Å"Capo di Tutti Capi†(the Boss of All Bosses), the highest ranking in the Mafia (Dewey). During his reign,†¦show more content†¦However, Luciano kept the code of omerta (silence) and served his jail time (Kohn). Proving his loyalty, the Five Points Gang made him a full-fledged member. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Luciano, a quick witted and pleasurable personality, liked the highlife. He lived by one simple fact; â€Å"Money is everything† and he went through anything in order to get that money (Mobsters). Luciano believed in his friends, and later took a face-altering knife wound in the face, that left him with an evil droop in his right eye. This was the aftermath of the â€Å"ride†, where he was bound, beat up, and left to die, only because he refused to do business with people that refused business with non-Italians. His best friend and business partner, Meyer Lansky, happened to be Jewish. Lansky later helped Luciano win the Castellammarese War by giving him this advise, which Luciano would forever live by: â€Å"The winner will be the one who gets his enemy to trust him† (Mobsters). The strengths of Luciano stood out above everything else, loyalty being just one of them. Luciano showed great compassion towards his friends, and always seemed to be one step ahead of everyone else. He possessed the ability to be able to see around the next corner. This helped him tremendously during the Castellammarese War; a war between the two Sicilian bosses of New York, Joe â€Å"The Boss† MasseriaShow MoreRelatedBiography of Charles Lucky Luciano Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesBiography of Charles Lucky Luciano Almost everyone experiences a criminal career (Moffitt, 43). The onset begins during adolescence and involves a series of petty crimes. The amount of crimes committed during the criminal career at any given time is the rate at which the offender offends. What differentiates the â€Å"career criminal† from the person who had a â€Å"criminal career† is this; Whereas the latter by-and-large discontinues their crimes by the time they are in their mid-20s, those who areRead MoreCharles Luciano: An Italian Mobster Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pages Ever since I was a teenager, I partook in criminal activities. In the United States, I rose from a measly criminal, to a crime boss, eventually becoming the father of organized crime in the United States. My name is Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano, and this is my story. I was born in Lercara Friddi, Sicily to my parents Antonio and Rosalia Lucania. In Sicily, my father worked a job in the sulfur mines. However, a promise of a better life in America led my family to immigrate to the United States in 1907Read MoreThe Story Of Ronnie Luciano1158 Words   |  5 Pages Again? Ronnie Luciano thought to himself as he ran with a squad car on his tail. Sprinting for his life while dodging bullets and the cops seemed to be a common occurrence lately. Today it happened to be an undercover officer spotting him pocket a cheap necklace in the mall. Dashing across the street, while narrowly avoiding cars, Ronnie distanced himself in the heavy traffic of New York City. Bolting around the corner of Broadway he bought himself more time. The cops were turning just as RonnieRead MoreLucky Luciano Gangster Characteristics1818 Words   |  8 PagesCharles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano Picture a person, someone with amazing leadership abilities, someone that has the potential to do virtuous things for the world. Now, I want you to picture this person wasting his/her talents by making unethical life decisions. Choices that caused harm to thousands of people. Now, imagine that the same person, and they actually think that what they do is ethical and that they didn’t waste their talent. Would that be frustrating? Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano was born in Sicily,Read MoreThe Life of Bugsy Essay1759 Words   |  8 Pagesbugs, fictitious name that meant that he was a crazy mother-fucker. At some point during bugsys late teenage years, he met Charlie Lucky Luciano and Meyer Lansky, two men who would who would become indispensable in crime career. Bugsy and Meyer Lansky met Lucky Luciano during a fight that Meyer Lansky was having with an Irish kid. Lucky Luciano noticed that the Irish kid was the same guy who had killed Luckys buddy so when lucky notice him pulling out a knife, he took it from him andRead MoreThe Rise Of Organized Crime2736 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Lucky† Luciano, Myer Lansky, and briefly Enoch Johnson. We will follow their lives from birth until their fate be it death imprisonment or the departure from organized crime. Along the way we will meet other key players including Johnny Torrio, Dean O’Banion, James â€Å"Big Jim† Colosimo, Salvatore Marizano, and many more. So without further ado lets get started! Lucky Luciano: Born Salvatore Lucania. Charlie â€Å"Lucky† Luciano Immigrated to the united states in 1906 at the age of nine. Luciano showedRead MoreWhat Is Money Laundering?1551 Words   |  7 PagesCharles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano and Benjamin â€Å"Bugsy† Siegel. Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano was born Salvatore Lucania on November 24, 1897 in Lercara Friddi, Sicily to Antonio and Rosalia Lucania along with four other siblings. Luciano s father worked in a sulfur mine in Sicily. When Luciano was 10 years old the family immigrated to the United States. They settled in New York City in the area of Manhattan on its Lower East Side, a common destination for Italian immigrants. At age 14, Luciano withdrew from schoolRead MoreThe Life and Times of Benjamin Bugsy Siegel1256 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter than his father was (Carter 179). Eventually, Siegel began forcing peddle cart vendors to give him payments for protection from himself (PBS par. 2; Carter 179). Thus began Siegel’s transformation to a true mafia man running around with â€Å"Lucky† Luciano, Meyer Lansky, and the Murder Inc. which Siegel himself created (Southwell 212; PBS par. 4; Carter 180; Bugsy Siegel Encyclopaedia par. 2). Siegel was on top of the world, he was in charge of Murder Inc., had many mistresses, and his dream of a GamblingRead MoreEssay about al capone1573 Words   |  7 Pagesis where he earned the unforgettable nickname â€Å"Scarface.† It was in a bar when Capone made some rude comments about a woman. Minutes later, the woman’s brother sliced Capone in the face. D. VanGorder 2 This man was a friend of Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano. Al Capone was punished and forced to apologize. Al Capone did not become a leader until he went to Chicago. At the time he was still an apprentice to Johnny Torrio. In the midst of the gang violence and bootlegging was Chicago. Chicago was a greatRead MoreThe Death Of The Modern American Mafia1532 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States would be the cause of one of the most drastic changes in the workings of organized crime. Charles Luciano became the father of the modern American mafia. Charles Luciano lived the hard childhood experienced by the children of almost all immigrants. On November 24, 1897, Charles Luciano, christened Salvatore Lucania, was born in the village of Lercara Friddi in Sicily. As Luciano was growing up, his family scraped by, sometimes even going without food (Gosch, 1975). Every cent that they

Graphic Design Vs. Art Essay - 1506 Words

Graphic Design vs Art â€Å"Design is the method of putting form and content together. Design, just as art, has multiple definitions, there is no single definition. Design can be art. Design can be aesthetics. Design is so simple, that’s why it is so complicated†. The following items will be discussed to give better understanding of Graphic Design vs Art: definition of the two terms, what is considered art, what is considered design, and opinions of the two subjects. Sometimes the best way to communicate to people is not through spoken words or written text, but through illustration. Graphic design, sometimes also known as communication design, is the process of visual communication, and problem-solving through the correct use of typography, space, image and color. Graphic Design usually starts with a purpose, such as trying to buy, find, or advertise something and usually only has one meaning. Designers use their skill to combine text and pictures to create advertisements, magazines, or books. Art is something that is created with imagination, skill and it is usually tried to expresses important ideas or feelings. Artists look to express their ideas to others, they begin with a blank canvass and when done, it is intended to be interpreted by different people in different ways. There are different forms of art such as, paintings, drawings, graphics, sculptures, and architecture. As art can have many different meanings for its audience. Eviden ce of human activity inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Digital vs. Traditional Art979 Words   |  4 Pagesview of art, there are no concrete or abstract forms, but only forms which are more or less convincing lies.(Wagner, par. 1) So what is art? A painted picture with lines, figures or faces that has meaning; or digitally altered shapes with meaning? Art can be any product of a creative process. Graphic Design (digital design) as a discipline has a relatively recent history, with the name graphic design first coined by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922. (Wikipedia. par. 2) Digital art is an art createdRead MoreCase Study On A Designer Paula Scher1494 Words   |  6 Pagesmost well known and influential postmodern graphic designer for over 30 years. In 1970, Scher began developing her eclectic, playful and expressive approach to design and typography, using it to convey content and create identity. Scher has been designing record covers, advertisements, identities and environmental grap hics for a broad range of clients such as CBS Records, Atlantic Records, American Institute of Graphic Design (AIGA), New Jersey Performing Arts Center (NJPAC), and among others. Her philosophyRead MoreWhy Is Art A Genre? Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The aim of art is to represent not the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance.†-Aristotle According to Dictinary.com, a genre is a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. (Dictionary) Before I began this course, the only inclination of genre was that of books and movies. From my experience, the aspect of genres are what categorized media in various forms, making it easy for an audience toRead MoreWindows vs. Mac: Competition in the PC Market1630 Words   |  7 PagesSince the advent of the Macintosh Operating System in 1984, there has been a battle resembling the Coke and Pepsi War, this time between the Macintosh/Apple OS and Windows. The battle is less over design and style, although that has been a robust part of it for decades, and now more about the Operating System (OS) and philosophy. The PC market has literally hundreds of manufacturers and branded labels. PC actually stands for personal computer, meaning that an Apple Computer is also a PC. HoweverRead MoreComplexity And Contradiction In Architecture : A Gentle Manifestor Summary988 Words   |  4 Pagesgallery context. Even so, his are generally outlined in No straightforward Architecture: A Gentle Manifesto. This opening comment advocates embracing contradiction and complexity in order to create valid, vital works. Complexity and Contradiction vs. Simplification or Picturesqueness criticizes orthodox Modern architects and their treatment of complexity. Venturi feels that diversity in architecture represents a type of sophistication that is lost in the works of the Modernists. It is in thisRead MoreHow Does Diversity Help A Company Succeed?1397 Words   |  6 Pages View of UAE Nathalie Germain MSVU â€Æ' Table of Content Contents Business Diversity 3 Demographic 3 Business 3 Social 4 Benefits vs. Challenges 4 Opportunity and Development 5 Dubai 5 Fujairah 6 Ras al-Khaimah 6 Abu Dhabi 7 Potential Target 8 Dubai 8 Abu Dhabi 9 Sources 10 Graphics 11 Business Diversity The important factor in a company is the people; as we have yet to see the age of robots, businesses still require the use of humans for day to day workflow. But how does Diversity help a companyRead MoreThe Critic as Artist by Oscar Wilde2131 Words   |  9 PagesWilde felt that poetry was superior to the graphic arts for what reasons? Evaluate his claims. STUDENT Send instant message.Phone # not available. See all available user details.Send internal Webstudy mail.No external Web page available. In The Critic as Artist, Oscar Wilde writes that literature is superior to the graphic arts, because unlike paintings of sunsets or portraits or other related forms of art, literature is soul speaking to soul in those long-cadenced lines, notRead MoreAdobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop: How Are They Similar and Different?853 Words   |  4 Pagesmore in common. But according to the information found online, they are not. Illustrator, which allows me to create my own unique designs, creates vector graphics and vector text. Illustrator invites me to explore more expressive ways to design.To help you b etter understand the terms Vector Graphics and Vector Text, I will give you the definition of both. Vector Graphics are comprised of paths, which are defined by a start and end point, along with other points, curves, and angles along the way. 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It became popular across Europe and the in United States. Art Nouveau as a style is a beautiful mixture of elaborate Celtic looking patterns, classical elements, flat color and delicate women in nature. This style breaks the traditional

Motivating Contingency Leadership Model †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Motivating Contingency Leadership Model. Answer: Introduction: Raphael applies a combination of legitimate political and rewards power to lead his team of subordinates. The case study shows that he projected the targets achieved by his subordinates to gain recognition before the senior managers and the apex management. He did not consider it illegitimate to use the performances of his followers to gain his own recognition. However, it can be pointed out that he used his power unethically to gain more recognitions and rewards. It can be pointed out that these rewards and promotions would once again increase his power to project the performances of his followers to gain further promotions. Thus, Raphael used legitimate political power and rewards power to lead his team and take credit of its performances for his own professional benefits like promotion (Keskes 2014). Barry should complain against the unethical practices of Raphael to exploit the performances of his team members to obtain his own professional development. He should complain to his skip level managers and the apex management about this unethical practices of Raphael. He should substantiate his complaints using statistical figures which would prove his high level performances before the senior management. He should also point out the devastating impacts of Raphaels immoral activities on the motivation, morale and performances of the juniors. These strong evidences against Raphael would enable the apex management takes steps against him (Flin et al. 2013). Politicking is the appropriate method, which Barry can use to highlight his own high performances before the apex management and his skip level manager. He can use five political ways to retaliate the unethical practices of Raphael. First, he can approach Raphael directly and speak to him about the unjust practices the latter is practicing. The case study show that Raphael and Barry were once peers and enjoyed great professional relationship. Barry can point out to Raphael that the practice of taking credit of his performances by the latter is having devastating impact on his motivation and hampering their career growth. If Raphael does not cooperate with Barry and uses his power to subdue him, Barry must use the second strategy of asserting his performances before the apex management and his skip level boss. He should support his claim of legitimacy of promotion to higher posts on the grounds of his high performances (Getha-Taylor et al. 2015). The third step would be forming coalit ion with other employees but it is not very prudent as Raphael might come know of his stances. This may give him scope to counteract Barry legitimate claims using his superior position in the organisation. The fourth approach, which Barry can take, is to appear indispensible before the management using his superior performances. The last step, which Barry can take, is to obtain support the apex management, skip level boss and gain the permission to report directly to them. He might also gain the permission to join a different team (Carter et al. 2013). Thus, Barry can approach the apex management, appear indispensible, claim his legitimate right to take advantage of his high performances and gain the support of the management. Excessive whining and complaining against the seniors reveal the insecure position and the acute performance lack in employees. However, there are also other ways, which employees can take to complain against injustices. They can approach their skip level managers and bosses to complain against unfair treatments in the hands of their seniors. However, they must support their claims with strong evidences. This will make them claim appear legitimate and substantial thus enabling the management to take actions to deal with the matter (Namasivayam, Guchait and Lei 2014). Barry can avoid being a whiner by substantiating his claims with statistics and figures proving his performances. This will allow the apex management and the skip level mangers to look into his matter. This will allow them to take legitimate actions to ensure that Barry gets due crefit for his performances and is not exploited by Raphael. This procedure of supporting his claims with proofs will help Barry to make his claim appear legitimate and not like whining (Dinh et al. 2014). Barry should look for another job if the apex management is not able to give positive outcomes and take steps against Raphael. He should first approach Raphael and explain him the harmful effect his exploitative actions are having on his team members including himself(Barry). If his attempts to reconcile things with Raphael fail, he should approach the management to take actions against Raphael. He must substantiate his claim with figures proving his high level of performances. If the management fails to come up with a solution to the problem, then Barry must change his job. However, if the management succeeds in taking up steps against Raphael, he must not change his job (Thompson and Glas 2015). Situational leadership model: The situatiaonal leadership model is a leadership model developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The chart below shows situational leadership style stresses on both the attributes of the followers and the leadership styles the leaders can take to ensure these four classes of followers achieve their performance parameters. The four types of subordinates are low motivation and low task skills, high motivation and low task skills, low motivation and task skills and high motivation and high task skills. The theory also states the specific actions the leaders can apply in the case of these four readiness levels (McCleskey 2014). Readiness level(of followers) Leadership styles R1 Low motivation and low task skills S1 Telling R2 High motivation and low task skills S2 Selling R3 Low motivation and task skills S3 Participating R4 High motivation and high task skills S4 Delegating Figure 1. Situational Leadership model (Source: Author) The first group of subordinates consist of employees with low motivational level and low task skills. These employees lack the professional experience and skills to achieve high level of professional performances. They lack motivation, which impedes them to acquiring new skills to improve their skills and efficiency. The leader in this case has to assume the telling style. He commands and gives specific instructions to the followers belonging to the low motivation and low task skill category (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). The second category of employees fall under high motivation and low task skills. This category of employees has high level of motivation but lack the required skills and expertise. The heads of the departments in order to deal with these employees have to follow the selling style. The departmental heads, while leading subordinates, similar to telling style, issue commands and clear directions to them. However, in case of high motivation and low task skill group, the leaders interact more with their subordinates of this category compared to the first category. There are smooth exchanges of information between the superiors and the subordinates. The followers here are motivated and readily cooperate with the leaders if trained. The leaders offer training and mentoring to this group of employees to improve their efficiency (Khuong and Hoang 2015). The third group of employees consist of employees having high task skills and low level of motivation. These employees have experience but lack the motivation to achieve high-level f performances. This lack of motivation stems from several factors like lack of self-esteem, lack of participative environment within their departments and weak organisational culture. The leaders in order to deal with these employees lack motivation in spite of having skills encourage them to participate in making strategies to achieve the assigned targets (Berg et al. 2016). The leaders here create a positive organisational culture and environment, which stimulates the employees to collaborate readily. They value relationships among the team members and themselves. Participating in making strategies encourage higher self-esteem among the employees which boosts their motivation. As a result, they start performing well which ultimately boosts the team performances (Hogan and Coote 2014). The fourth category of staff consists of employees having high level of task skills and high level of motivation. This category of employees is the most efficient among the four groups. They are highly motivated to perform and take up new responsibilities. Leaders apply delegating method while leading this category of workers. As a result, the leaders vest many responsibilities in the employees having high level of motivation and job skills. It can also be pointed out that employees having high level of efficiency and motivation usually have more chances of availing promotions. They as a result experience high level of job satisfaction and career development (Carlos Pinho, Paula Rodrigues and Dibb 2014). It can also be pointed out that employees having high level of skill and motivation contribute largely to the performance enhancement of their teams. As a result the leaders interact a lot with this group of followers and there is a high degree of collaboration between them once agai n, leading to high departmental or group performances. Application of situational leadership in the case of Barry: The case study of Barry reveals that he has a new team and can apply situational leadership theory to lead it. It already says Barry has a new team and it can be assumed that the new team would consist of employees having various levels of skills and motivation. Since the team is new, it can be further assumed that the team would have inexperienced employees, some who have low level of motivation and others who lack it (Chatman et al. 2014). The team would also have the second category of employees with high motivation with low knowledge and skills. There would also be third category of employees having low motivation and high skills. The fourth group consists of employees having high level of experience, knowledge and motivation. It can be pointed out that the team of Barry would have both senior and junior employees. However, being a new team it is likely to have more junior employees and less experienced employees compared to highly efficient and motivated employees. This combination of members in the new team under Barry show that it can led by applying situational leadership style (Wang, Noe and Wang 2014). Barry can use telling leadership skills to tackle the first group of employees containing low level of knowledge, experience and motivation. He should direct the inexperienced employees who are most probably newly hired employees. He should issue them clear instructions and guide them while they perform their duties (Keskes 2014). Flinx et al.(2013) further points out that the leader require to supervise and monitor the performances of these employees. The improvement in the performance of the employees would point out the outcome of the telling leadership style. Getha-Taylor et al.(2015) further points out that these employees with low skills can be trained to improve their performances. Barry can offer training to these low skilled employees to enhance their efficiency. This training would result in enhancement in the work standards of the employees, which would in turn boost their motivation. The employees after post training would be able to fulfil their job responsibilities bett er which would boost their confidence, efficiency and competencies. This would allow them to shift to the second category of workers having newly acquired skills but high level of motivation due to acquisition of new knowledge (Huang et al. 2014). The next group of employees having newly acquired skills and high level of motivation would require Barry to use selling leadership style. This would involve Barry using his authority to direct and guide his juniors. These junior employees would still require training to enhance their skills and capabilities. However, the selling style differs from the telling styles. In case of telling style the employees lack both motivation and skill. Hence, the manager has to direct the employees and there is almost no interaction between the leader and the follower. The workers are motivated to work and improve their performance, which makes the manager interact with them more compared to the telling style. The third category of employees consists of senior and experienced employees lacking motivation, which would require Barry to use participating leadership style. According to Carter et al.(2013), the experienced employees play important roles like advising the team leaders and motivating the juniors in the team. However, lack of employee empowerment under Raphael and his taking credit for the high performances of the team led to low level of motivation among the senior employees. Barry can apply participating style of leadership so that they feel important. Namasivayam, Guchait and Lei (2014) state that empowerment of employees increases self esteem and motivation among senior employees. They participate more actively in the strategy making which ultimately enhance the performance of the team. The fourth category consists of workers having level of skills and motivation, which would require Barry to use delegating style of leadership. These types of employees are high performers in whom Barry can vest crucial job responsibility. The above discussion clearly shows that Barry can use situational leadership style of to manage his new team. This is because the theory recognises the four types of followers adn assigns a style of leadership appropriate to lead each type of follower. The subordinates having low scale of motivation and skill can be dealt with using telling leadership style. Barry can use selling style of leadership to lead subordinates having low skill but acquired motivation. He can use participation style to manage employees having high skill but low motivation. He can finally use delegation style of leadership to manage high performing workers having high rate of motivation (Huang et al. 2014). Barry can use the situational leadership theory of contingency to manage his new team. The theory recognises four types of subordinates in professional teams and assigns four different leadership styles to lead these four types of subordinates. The first type consists of employees mostly newly hired having low scale of motivation and knowledge. Barry can manage these followers using the telling leadership style by ordering them and giving them clear directions. The second sort of followers is motivated but lack knowledge and experience. Barry can lead this sort of subordinates using the selling style where he other than ordering the employees also encourages them to participate in the team planning. Barry can use the third group of employees lacking motivation in spite of having knowledge by encouraging them to participate more proactively in team planning. This would create a sense of importance and self esteem among these employees and they would be motivated to contribute towards team performance. The fourth group of employees consists of experienced, efficient and motivated employees. Barry should not intervene in their work. He should instead delegate them more power and promote them to higher offices to bring about their career growth. He should aim at retaining them by giving them benefits like salary hikes, perks and flexible timing facilities (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). Barry should use motivational tactics to manage the first three groups of employees to retain and develop their quality. He should train them to improve their skills and motivate them. He should mentor them and provide them with conductive working environment to improve their efficiency. 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